Winter's Formula Calculator

Calculate the expected PCO2 to determine if there is adequate respiratory compensation in metabolic acidosis.

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Bicarbonate (mEq/L)

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1.5 * HCO3 + 8 ± 2

If measured PCO2 is higher than expected, there is a concurrent respiratory acidosis. If lower, a concurrent respiratory alkalosis.

HCO3 10 -> Expected PCO2 21-25 mmHg.

It predicts what the patient's CO2 should be if their lungs are compensating correctly for metabolic acidosis.

This indicates a primary respiratory acidosis is also present (failure to compensate).

This indicates a primary respiratory alkalosis is also present.

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Corrected calcium for hypoalbuminemia.

Serum anion gap for metabolic acidosis.

CrCl for kidney function and drug dosing.

IV flow rate in gtt/min.

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