Cardiac Output Calculator

Normal resting cardiac output ranges from 4 to 8 Liters per minute. It varies with body size, fitness level, and metabolic demands. During exercise, CO can increase to 20-25 L/min in healthy individuals.

Cardiac Index (CI) equals cardiac output divided by body surface area (BSA). Normal CI is 2.5 to 4.0 L/min/m2, allowing fair comparison across patients of different body sizes.

Stroke volume is typically measured via echocardiogram using the left ventricular outflow tract diameter and velocity-time integral, or through invasive hemodynamic monitoring such as a pulmonary artery catheter.

Low cardiac output can result from heart failure, cardiogenic shock, severe dehydration, cardiac tamponade, or significant arrhythmias. Symptoms may include fatigue, low blood pressure, and poor organ perfusion.

High cardiac output states include sepsis, severe anemia, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, and arteriovenous fistulas. The heart compensates by increasing output to meet elevated tissue oxygen demands.

No. This tool provides educational estimates of cardiac output. Accurate clinical measurement requires echocardiography or invasive monitoring. Always consult a healthcare provider for cardiac assessment.

You can. Look for the "Embed" button near the top of this calculator. It lets you pick a size, border style, and color palette, then gives you an iframe tag to paste into any webpage. The widget is responsive, loads fast, and costs nothing. More details at calculory.com/services/embed-calculators.